SUSTAINABLE APPROACHES TO E-WASTE MANAGEMENT IN JAPAN AND GERMANY

Abstract

This article explores e-waste management practices in two developed countries—Japan and Germany—within the context of the rapidly expanding global e-waste stream fueled by technological progress and rising consumerism. These global trends have led to mounting environmental and public health challenges. The study examines the legislative frameworks, advanced recycling technologies for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), treatment and processing methods, and stakeholder engagement strategies implemented in both nations.

Japan, known for its technological innovation, places strong emphasis on resource recovery, while Germany operates under a centralized coordination system that offers free disposal for individual waste categories through co-collection. Both countries exhibit high recycling efficiency; however, they continue to grapple with issues such as increasing product complexity and the persistence of illegal e-waste trade.

The article highlights the importance of adopting advanced recycling technologies, enhancing international cooperation, and enacting policy reforms—particularly by strengthening Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) systems that encourage recycling and sustainable design. It further proposes that global e-waste management initiatives could gain valuable insights by adopting Japan’s and Germany’s experiences and best practices as models for developing effective, sustainable e-waste management systems worldwide.